Peptide overview

A quick summary of every compound. Open any name for the full page.

5-Amino-1MQInjectable

A small molecule that blocks NNMT, the enzyme that drains NAD+ inside fat cells. Blocking it raises NAD+ and SAM, suppresses new fat creation and increases cellular energy expenditure without touching appetite. Injected under the skin each morning, 50 to 100 mg daily on a 4 to 6 week cycle.Adipose: approximately 35% reduction in white adipose tissue mass and 30% decrease in adipocyte size in diet-induced obese mice, with food intake unchanged; suppression of lipogenesis and lowered plasma total cholesterol (Neelakantan et al., 2018). Babula et al. (2024) reported dose-dependent limitation of body weight and fat mass gains.

5-Amino-1MQ (oral)Oral

An oral small molecule that blocks NNMT, the enzyme that drains nicotinamide away from NAD+ production in fat cells. Raising NAD+ lifts cellular energy expenditure, cutting fat mass while sparing muscle and without suppressing appetite; dosed 50 to 100 mg each morning in 4 to 6 week cycles.Adipose: the primary effect. Neelakantan et al. (2018) reported approximately 35% reduction in white adipose tissue mass and 30% decrease in adipocyte size in diet-induced obese mice, with unchanged food intake and lowered plasma total cholesterol. Inhibition of adipocyte growth and reduction of existing fat deposits are described alongside suppressed lipogenesis.

AdamaxInjectable

A peptide supplied as a powder for subcutaneous injection, dosed once daily on an 8 to 12 week cycle. Little is documented beyond handling and dosing: what Adamax is, what it does, and who should avoid it have not been established.Not established. No pharmacodynamic or indication data of any kind is available.

Adamax (nasal spray)Nasal spray

The nasal spray form of Adamax, dispensing 100 mcg per spray at 1 to 6 sprays a day. Little is documented beyond handling and dosing: no effects, side effects, or exclusions have been established, and the correct cycle length is not known.Not established. No pharmacodynamic data is available.

AdipotideInjectable

A chimeric peptide that destroys the blood vessels feeding white fat, so the fat cells die rather than simply shrink. Obese monkeys lost 7.4 to 14.7% of body weight over 28 days, but kidney toxicity appeared above 0.25 mg/kg and no human trial results have ever been published.Adipose. Apoptotic ablation of white adipose tissue vasculature with secondary ischaemic adipocyte death and clearance of apoptotic tissue — cell deletion rather than lipid mobilisation. Preclinical magnitude: approximately 30% body weight loss over 4 weeks in diet-induced obese mice (Kolonin et al., 2004); 7.4 to 14.7% body weight loss, BMI down 3.7 to 17.3%, abdominal circumference down 6.5 to 14.3% in 9 of 10 animals, and total body fat down 38.7% versus 14.8% in controls over 28 days in obese rhesus macaques (Barnhart et al., 2011). White adipose tissue volume fell 17.5% by end of treatment and continued to 27.0% by end of the recovery period.

AICARInjectable

AICAR (acadesine) is a synthetic adenosine analogue that activates AMPK, the energy sensor exercise switches on. Animal data show endurance and mitochondrial gains; human IV trials show glucose uptake and cardiac protection. Practical subcutaneous protocols of 10 to 50 mg daily lack published dose-finding data.In sedentary mice, Narkar et al. (2008) reported 23% longer running time and 44% greater distance after four weeks at 500 mg/kg/day, with induction of 32 oxidative metabolism genes, reduced epididymal fat mass and increased oxygen consumption via the AMPK-PPARdelta axis. Wilcox et al. (2025) found one month of treatment in 23-month-old mice prevented the 24.5% loss of running performance seen in untreated controls, increased tetanic force 26.4%, quadriceps mass approximately 8%, cytochrome C 33% and citrate synthase 22%, reduced MAFbx and MuRF1 expression, raised serum IGF-1, and reversed 84 genes toward youthful expression.

AOD-9604Injectable

A 16-amino-acid fragment of human growth hormone, engineered with a tyrosine substitution and developed as an anti-obesity drug. It pushes fat cells to release stored fat without raising IGF-1 or blood sugar. Safety data is strong; human fat-loss efficacy is weak. Reconstitute with 0.6% acetic acid.Lipid metabolism: stimulates lipolysis in adipose tissue and may increase fat oxidation. In obese mice, both AOD-9604 and full-length GH reduced body weight after 14 days of chronic intraperitoneal injection, with increased fat oxidation and raised plasma glycerol and no adverse effect on glucose or insulin. In Zucker rats, 19 days of oral dosing at 500 mcg/kg reduced body weight gain by over 50% versus controls. Inhibition of lipogenesis and preferential action at high-fat-deposit regions are also attributed to the fragment, and some practitioners administer it near stubborn deposits on the basis of a possible local effect — speculative and unproven in controlled trials.

ARA-290Injectable

A synthetic peptide derived from erythropoietin that keeps EPO's tissue-repair and anti-inflammatory signalling and drops its blood-thickening effects. Trial-tested for small-fibre neuropathy and nerve regeneration. Standard dose 4 mg daily for 28 days; users also run 2–4 mg daily, with an 8 mg short-course option.Neuropathic pain: the primary indication, small-fibre neuropathy in sarcoidosis and type 2 diabetes specifically. Sarcoidosis patients showed a 28% improvement in Small Fibre Neuropathy Screening List scores versus 9% on placebo; diabetic patients improved 18 to 23% on PainDetect, with significant gains in tingling, thermal pain, and allodynia.

BAM-15 (oral)Oral

A mitochondrial uncoupler taken as a single 50 mg pill each morning. Instead of letting cells store surplus fuel as fat, it lets mitochondria burn it off as heat — and unlike stimulant fat-burners, it is reported to do this without raising heart rate, blood pressure, or body temperature. Short cycles: 2 to 4 weeks on, 2 to 4 weeks off.Increased resting energy expenditure and enhanced lipid metabolism and fatty-acid oxidation are the primary effects; the glycaemic arm is blood-glucose regulation and improved insulin sensitivity, consistent with the reduction in lipid load on insulin-responsive tissue that uncoupling produces.

BPC-157Injectable

A 15-amino-acid peptide derived from a protective protein in human gastric juice, studied for repair of tendon, ligament, muscle, bone, gut lining and blood vessels. Reconstituted with bacteriostatic water and injected under the skin or into muscle near the injury; not FDA approved and banned in sport.BPC-157 acts at several points of the repair cascade simultaneously. In tendon it promotes fibroblast outgrowth, increases cell survival under oxidative stress and enhances migration to injury sites, accelerating healing of transected tendon and tendon-to-bone integration; a medial collateral ligament model showed reduced post-injury instability and contracture. Muscle models show regeneration with improved structure, function and biomechanics after both direct trauma and systemic insult. Bone healing accelerates via osteoblast activity, with one nonunion model reporting results comparable to autologous bone grafting. Injected into scarred tissue it reduces existing fibrosis rather than merely preventing new scar.

BPC-157 (oral)Oral

The capsule form of BPC-157, a peptide based on a protein found in stomach juice. Swallowed rather than injected, which suits gut-focused use. Studied for wound healing, inflammation, and repair of tendon, bone, and gut lining.Repair cascade: elevation of EGF, FGF, and VEGF driving granulation tissue formation and revascularisation; improved tendon, bone, and ligament healing including tendon-to-bone integration; enhanced muscle recovery, hypertrophy, and strength; collagen synthesis producing dermal thickening, improved elasticity, reduced wrinkling, and hair growth promotion; reduction of existing scar tissue when delivered into the scarred region — a benefit which the oral route cannot target the way an injection can.

BPC-157 + TB-500 + Cartalax blendInjectable

A three-peptide vial: 5 mg BPC-157, 5 mg TB-500, and 10 mg Cartalax, 20 mg in total. The standard repair pair with a cartilage-directed bioregulator added. Documentation for the blend covers dosing only; nothing has been established about the Cartalax component's role beyond its amount.No effects are documented for the blend itself; the following is carried from the standalone entries and attributed.

BPC-157 + TB-500 blend (oral)Oral

A swallowed pill containing 500 mcg of BPC-157 and 500 mcg of TB-500, the two most commonly paired repair peptides, in one dose. The mechanism, evidence, and timeline material comes from the injectable blend (the "Wolverine Stack"); the oral pill has no absorption data of its own, particularly for the TB-500 half.Primary application is tendon and ligament repair: BPC-157 promotes tendon fibroblast outgrowth, survival, and migration with localised repair; TB-500 promotes fibroblast migration into connective tissue, improves biomechanical properties of healing ligament (Xu et al., 2013, medial collateral ligament in rats, with more uniform fibre bundles and larger collagen fibril diameters), and prevents adhesion and fibrous band formation. Applications include Achilles, rotator cuff, patellar tendinopathy, lateral and medial epicondylitis, and ACL and MCL sprains.

BPC-157+TB-500:10MG Blend (Inj)Injectable

A single vial holding BPC-157 and TB-500 together — 5 mg of each, 10 mg of peptide in total — injected once daily for 4 to 8 weeks. The best-known repair pairing in one shot: one arm concentrates near the injection site, the other distributes through the body.Tendon and ligament repair is the primary application. BPC-157 promotes tendon fibroblast outgrowth, cell survival and localised repair; TB-500 drives fibroblast migration into damaged connective tissue, improves the biomechanical properties of healing ligaments, and prevents adhesion and fibrous band formation. Typical targets: Achilles injuries, rotator cuff tears, patellar tendonitis, epicondylitis, ACL and MCL sprains.

BronchogenInjectable

A peptide bioregulator directed at the bronchopulmonary system — lung tissue, the bronchi, and respiratory function generally. Dosed six days a week at bedtime on a 40-day course, repeated after three to six months.Cellular regeneration of bronchial and pulmonary epithelium, with the stated aim of tissue resilience, is the primary described action. Regulation of the respiratory system follows from it: support of normal lung and bronchial function through modulation of cellular repair and regeneration.

CagrilintideInjectable

A long-acting amylin analogue (AM833) that switches on satiety through the brainstem, a pathway GLP-1 compounds do not touch. Half-life of 7 to 8 days, injected under the skin once weekly. In REDEFINE 1, cagrilintide with semaglutide produced 20.4% average weight loss over 68 weeks.Appetite and gastric: amylin receptor agonism in the area postrema induces satiety and reduces food intake; delayed gastric emptying prolongs post-prandial fullness. The effect is available to users already on incretin therapy because the receptor populations do not overlap.

CardiogenInjectable

A peptide bioregulator for the heart and blood vessels, aimed at restoring normal protein production in heart muscle cells. Injected under the skin at bedtime on short 10 to 20 day courses, two or three times a year.Cardioprotection is the organising claim: enhanced myocardial resistance to hypoxia, ischaemia, and oxidative stress, with limitation of ischaemic damage and reduction of oxidative and inflammatory burden on cardiac tissue.

CartalaxInjectable

A tripeptide bioregulator (Ala-Glu-Asp) acting on fibroblasts and chondrocytes, studied in Russian cell-culture work for cartilage integrity, connective tissue resilience and cellular ageing markers. Injected under the skin at 2 mg daily on 10 to 20 day courses, three or four times a year.The mechanism is a combined anabolic and anti-catabolic account of connective tissue matrix turnover: enhanced fibroblast and chondrocyte activity supporting collagen, elastin and proteoglycan synthesis; restored expression of genes governing cartilage growth and maintenance; and reduced matrix breakdown under mechanical stress or ageing via MMP-9 inhibition. Limited animal research indicates chondrocyte proliferation in both young and old animals, though this is less well characterised than the fibroblast and renal work.

CerebrolysinInjectable

Not a single peptide but a mixture: a neuroprotective peptide complex from pig brain tissue containing over 100 peptide fragments and nerve growth factor mimics. Studied for brain injury, stroke rehabilitation, dementia and neuropathy.**Stroke.** The most studied and most contested indication. CASTA (over 1,000 patients) failed to show benefit for composite outcomes with acute stand-alone use. Ziganshina and colleagues (Cochrane, 2020) concluded Cerebrolysin probably does not reduce death in acute ischaemic stroke and may increase non-fatal serious adverse events (RR 2.39, 95% CI 1.10 to 5.23). Against that, Bornstein and colleagues (Neurological Sciences, 2018; nine RCTs, 1,879 patients) found superiority over placebo on day 30 NIHSS, and Chang and colleagues (BMC Neurology, 2016) found better motor recovery with Cerebrolysin plus standardised rehabilitation than rehabilitation alone in severe motor impairment. A 2025 observational study reported NIHSS falling from 9.90 to 3.40 versus 10.10 to 4.80 with standard therapy. CLINCH (88 patients, 50 mL daily for 14 days, intracerebral haemorrhage) is pending. Net: adjunct to rehabilitation, not acute monotherapy. Mild post-stroke fever is a recognised effect and warrants medical evaluation.

CJC No DAC / Ipamorelin blendInjectable

A 1:1 pairing of CJC-1295 No DAC with Ipamorelin, standard vial 10 mg total (5 mg of each), also sold as a 10/10 mg "Hulk" version. The two peptides hit separate arms of the growth hormone axis, so one injection gives a bigger pulse than either alone. Used for sleep, recovery, fat loss, and connective tissue.Endocrine: higher GH output through amplified pulsatile release, with downstream IGF-1 elevation as the effector.

CJC-1295 No DACInjectable

A short-acting growth hormone releasing hormone analogue, also sold as Mod GRF (1-29), that produces sharp, natural-shaped GH pulses and clears in roughly 30 minutes. Used for sleep, recovery, fat loss, bone and connective tissue, usually paired with Ipamorelin and injected fasted under the skin.The compound acts through three described axes: GHRH receptor activation driving pulsatile pituitary GH release; hepatic conversion to IGF-1 and LR3 IGF-1 as the effector arm for hypertrophy and regeneration; and short-acting kinetics engineered for rapid absorption and clearance to preserve pulsatility.

CJC-1295 with DACInjectable

CJC-1295 with DAC is a long-acting GHRH analogue that binds albumin to stay active for 5.8 to 8.1 days, raising growth hormone and IGF-1 with once or twice weekly subcutaneous dosing at 1 to 2 mg per week.The primary pharmacological effect is increased pituitary GH secretion with a secondary rise in hepatic IGF-1. Teichman et al. (2006) recorded GH increases of 2 to 10 fold above baseline for 6 or more days after a single injection, IGF-1 increases of 1.5 to 3 fold for 9 to 11 days, and IGF-1 remaining above baseline for up to 28 days after multiple doses with evidence of a cumulative effect. The DAC form produces sustained exposure rather than discrete pulses, with trough elevation as the main driver of IGF-1 gain.

CrystagenInjectable

A thymus-derived bioregulator used to normalise immune function, support DNA repair, and maintain healthy gene expression in the immune system. Injected under the skin at bedtime for 20 days, three or four times a year.Bidirectional immune normalisation is the organising claim: correction of both hypoactive and hyperactive immune states. Supporting actions named are T-cell maturation and activity, activation of the B-cell immune response, and improved immune surveillance.

Dihexa (oral)Oral

An orally available angiotensin IV analogue studied in animals for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, stroke and nerve damage, proposed to build new synapses by amplifying hepatocyte growth factor. No human studies exist. Users take 5 mg capsules, 5 to 20 mg daily, fasted in the morning, on 4 to 12 week cycles.**Cognitive rescue (animal models).** Dihexa reversed scopolamine-induced deficits in rats across intracerebroventricular, intraperitoneal, and oral routes, with treated animals indistinguishable from healthy controls in the Morris water maze (McCoy et al., 2013). Sun et al. (2021) partially replicated this in APP/PS1 mice.

Dihexa / Methylene Blue / Tesofensine blend (oral)Oral

A single capsule combining Dihexa 5 mg, Methylene Blue 50 mg, and Tesofensine 500 mcg — a synapse-building nootropic, a mitochondrial electron carrier, and a triple reuptake inhibitor. One per day with a light meal. Methylene Blue blocks MAO-A, and Tesofensine must not be combined with MAO inhibitors; that conflict has not been resolved.Three mechanisms in one capsule.

DSIPInjectable

A naturally occurring nine-amino-acid peptide involved in sleep-wake regulation, studied for shortening the time it takes to fall asleep, lengthening total sleep and deepening slow-wave sleep. Reconstituted with bacteriostatic water and injected under the skin 30 to 60 minutes before bed.Primary application is sleep: reduced sleep latency, increased total sleep duration, sleep induction in insomnia and circadian disruption, and increased slow-wave sleep without REM suppression. Schneider-Helmert and Schoenenberger (Neuropsychobiology, 1983) recorded a 59% increase in total sleep time within a 130-minute window in six healthy volunteers, with improved onset and efficiency the following night. In 16 chronic insomniacs over 5 nights (European Neurology, 1984) sleep efficiency and latency improved but the effect was weak; an open series of 7 severe insomniacs saw sleep normalised in 6 of 7 after 10 injections, with benefit persisting 3 to 7 months, though without placebo control.

DSIP (nasal spray)Nasal spray

The nasal spray form of the delta sleep-inducing peptide, supplied as 10 mg in a 10 mL atomizer giving 100 sprays of 100 mcg each. Taken 30 to 60 minutes before bed, with onset anywhere from 20 minutes to two hours.Pharmacologically identical to the injectable, and the description here matches the injectable entry on this site.

EpithalonInjectable

A synthetic tetrapeptide modelled on the pineal polypeptide epithalamin, studied for reactivating telomerase, lengthening telomeres, and restoring melatonin production. Injected in the evening on short 10 to 20 day cycles repeated two to three times a year, at microgram doses far below the older milligram protocols.Telomere and senescence: telomerase reactivation with telomere elongation in vitro (33%, 2003) and significantly increased leukocyte telomere length in humans aged 60 to 80, comparable between Epithalon and epithalamin. Delayed replicative senescence; stimulation of DNA repair including radiation protection.

FOXO4-DRIInjectable

A senolytic peptide that frees p53 from FOXO4 inside senescent cells so they undergo apoptosis. In practice dosed at 3 to 5 mg subcutaneously every other day for 3 doses, repeated 1 to 3 times per year; an older sheet ran 250 to 500 mcg daily over 8 to 16 weeks. Mouse data only, no completed human trials.Preclinical only; no human efficacy data exist.

GHK-CuInjectableOral

A copper-binding tripeptide the body already makes, with plasma levels falling from roughly 200 ng/mL at age 20 to about 80 ng/mL at 60. Studied for skin, hair, wound healing, nerve and tissue repair. Injected subcutaneously for systemic effects, or converted to a topical for skin.**Dermal matrix.** Stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis and improves hydration; restores elasticity and reverses age-related dermal thinning, described as more effective than most prescription retinols; reduces fine lines, wrinkles, photodamage and hyperpigmentation; provides UV protection. Badenhorst et al. (2016) recorded a 55.8% reduction in wrinkle volume and 32.8% reduction in wrinkle depth over 8 weeks of twice-daily topical use in 40 women aged 40 to 65; Abdulghani et al. (1998) found improved collagen production in 70% of treated women versus 50% for vitamin C and 40% for retinoic acid.

GHRP-2Injectable

GHRP-2 (pralmorelin, KP-102) is a synthetic hexapeptide that binds the ghrelin receptor and drives short, strong pulses of the body's own growth hormone. Studied for appetite, lean mass, fat loss, recovery and sleep, and approved in Japan as a diagnostic agent. Injected under the skin.Somatotropic axis: GHS-R1a agonism produces dose-dependent, high-amplitude GH pulses, with a single injection elevating GH above baseline for approximately 90 minutes. Pharmacological testing showed GH-releasing activity superior to exogenous GHRH and reduced sensitivity to somatostatin suppression.

GHRP-6Injectable

The original growth hormone releasing peptide, developed in the 1980s. A six-amino-acid ghrelin mimic that drives strong GH pulses, suppresses somatostatin, and produces intense hunger. Also binds CD36, giving cardioprotective and wound-healing effects in animal models.Somatotropic axis: GHS-R1a agonism plus somatostatin suppression produces dose-dependent GH pulses with downstream IGF-1, supporting muscle protein synthesis. GH peaks at approximately 15 minutes and returns to baseline within 90 to 120 minutes.

GLOWInjectable

One 70 mg vial holding GHK-Cu 50 mg, BPC-157 10 mg, and TB-500 10 mg: the Wolverine Stack plus a copper peptide. Aimed at tissue healing, skin ageing, hair growth, wound healing, and scar reduction. 5 to 10 units under the skin, daily for 4 to 6 weeks for healing or every other day for 8 to 16 weeks for skin.Component-level activity.

GLOW TROPICInjectable

A ready-mixed solution combining GHK-Cu with glutathione, histidine, glycine, and NADH — 402 mg of ingredients in every millilitre. Injected under the skin twice a week on a rising schedule, 25 units up to 100 units, over a 4 to 6 week cycle. A lower-dose, more frequent alternative is given for anyone who reacts to copper.The blend's entire stated claim is its strapline: rejuvenation, antioxidant, and tissue repair with hair and skin benefits. No mechanism, no benefits list, no per-ingredient rationale beyond the quantities.

GLP1-SInjectable

A GLP-1 receptor agonist that copies a gut hormone telling the brain the body is full, originally a type 2 diabetes medication now used mainly for weight loss. Mixed with bacteriostatic water and injected under the skin once weekly, titrating up to a 2.4 mg maintenance dose over roughly 16 to 17 weeks.Primary action is central appetite suppression with prolonged satiety, generating an easier-to-sustain energy deficit.

GLP1-S / Cagrilintide blendInjectable

A 5 mg / 5 mg blend of a GLP-1 receptor agonist and a long-acting amylin analogue in one vial — 10 mg of peptide in total. The two work on different hormone pathways, and together they averaged 23–24.4% total body weight loss against 15–17% for the GLP-1 alone. Injected under the skin once a week.Body composition: 23–24.4% average total body weight loss, against 15–17% for GLP1-S monotherapy; comparable to GLP2-T; superior to either component alone.

GLP2-TInjectable

GLP2-T (tirzepatide) is a once-weekly dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist. SURMOUNT-1 recorded 15.0% to 22.5% average weight loss at 72 weeks, and it beat GLP1-S head to head, 20.2% against 13.7%. Mixed with bacteriostatic water and injected under the skin once a week.**Body composition.** SURMOUNT-1, 72 weeks: 15.0% (5 mg), 19.5% (10 mg), 20.9% treatment-regimen to 22.5% efficacy estimand (15 mg) versus 3.1% placebo; 91% at 15 mg lost at least 5%, over half lost 20% or more, more than a third lost 25% or more. A 24.7% average total body weight loss at 72 weeks has also been reported. SURMOUNT-4: 25.3% total reduction at 88 weeks on continued treatment. DEXA substudy (Look et al., 2025): 21.3% body weight reduction, 33.9% fat mass loss, 10.9% lean mass loss — approximately 75% fat and 25% lean, matching the placebo ratio.

GLP3-RInjectable

GLP3-R (retatrutide) is a triple agonist at the GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptors, given as one subcutaneous injection a week. Phase 2 produced 24.2% average weight loss at 48 weeks and Phase 3 28.7% at 68 weeks. Standard titration runs 2 mg to 12 mg weekly.Efficacy profile, by trial.

GLP3-R / Cagrilintide blendInjectable

A single vial holding 12.5 mg of GLP3-R and 2.5 mg of Cagrilintide — 15 mg of peptide in total, at a fixed 1 mg to 200 mcg ratio. Intended only for people new to GLP3-R, because the potent amylin component forces a low starting dose. Injected under the skin once every seven days.No effect or mechanism data is available for the combination itself. Refer to the standalone Cagrilintide entry for the amylin arm's documented actions; no effect data is available for GLP3-R on its own either.

GlutathioneInjectable

The body's master antioxidant, a tripeptide of three amino acids that clears free radicals, toxins and heavy metals and supports liver, skin, eye and immune health.**Redox and detoxification.** Reduction of oxidative stress and conjugation and clearance of xenobiotics and heavy metals. Kalamkar et al. (2022): 500 mg oral daily for six months in 250 diabetic patients significantly raised blood glutathione (Cohen's d = 1.01) and reduced 8-OHdG (Cohen's d = -1.07).

GonadorelinInjectable

Gonadorelin is a synthetic copy of GnRH used alongside TRT to keep the pituitary releasing LH and FSH and so preserve testicular size and fertility potential. FDA approved only as a diagnostic (Factrel); its use as an HCG substitute rests on clinical practice rather than published trials.On TRT, gonadorelin is used to sustain gonadotropin output so that Leydig and Sertoli cell activity continues despite hypothalamic suppression, limiting testicular atrophy and preserving fertility potential.

HCGInjectable

A glycoprotein hormone that acts like luteinising hormone. In men it drives the testicles to make testosterone and sperm, preserving testicular size and fertility during TRT; in women it triggers ovulation in fertility treatment. Half-life about 24 to 36 hours; dosed in international units.Male: LH-receptor agonism at Leydig cells drives intratesticular and systemic testosterone and supports spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules, maintaining testicular volume and ejaculate volume. During exogenous androgen exposure it substitutes for suppressed LH, preserving intratesticular testosterone — which peripheral testosterone does not — and thereby preventing atrophy, falling sperm count, and infertility.

HexarelinInjectable

Hexarelin is the most potent peptide in the GHRP class, typically run at 100 to 200 mcg two to three times daily. It also raises cortisol and prolactin and desensitises the ghrelin receptor quickly, so 4 to 8 week cycles followed by 4 weeks off are treated as mandatory.Hexarelin drives large, rapid, pulsatile growth hormone release through GHS-R1a, with repeated daily pulses raising cumulative growth hormone and downstream IGF-1 exposure. The functional output is increased muscle protein synthesis, lipolysis through hormone-sensitive lipase activation, accelerated cellular repair and improved sleep architecture, with growth hormone naturally peaking in deep sleep and a pre-bed dose reinforcing that pulse.

HGH 191AAInjectable

HGH 191aa (somatropin) is recombinant human growth hormone, identical to the pituitary hormone. Replacement doses of 1 to 2 IU daily improved body composition, skin thickness and bone density in trials; higher doses raise fluid retention, joint and blood glucose problems.HGH is potently lipolytic, activating hormone-sensitive lipase and preferentially reducing visceral adipose tissue. It increases protein synthesis and nitrogen retention, is muscle-sparing during caloric restriction, accelerates tissue repair through IGF-1-mediated collagen synthesis, and supports bone mineral density. Users frequently report improved sleep architecture consistent with the nocturnal GH pulse.

HMGInjectable

HMG (Human Menopausal Gonadotropin) supplies both FSH and LH activity in roughly a 1:1 ratio. It is added to an HCG protocol when sperm counts have not recovered after 4 to 6 months, typically at 75 to 150 IU three times weekly over 12 to 24 months.HMG induces or restores spermatogenesis in men with suppressed gonadotropin output, whether from TRT, anabolic steroid use, or congenital or acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Its FSH component drives Sertoli cell function, while its LH component adds to Leydig cell stimulation already provided by HCG.

HumaninInjectable

Humanin is a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide the body makes itself, studied in animals for neuroprotection, cardioprotection, insulin sensitivity and healthspan. No human trials exist; injectable protocols use the HNG analog at 500 mcg to 1 mg once or twice daily in 10 to 15 day cycles.The evidence base is preclinical plus human observational data; no human intervention trials have been completed.

Hyaluronic AcidOral

Hyaluronic acid is a water-binding glycosaminoglycan, not a peptide, found in skin, eyes and joint fluid. Oral doses of 100 to 200 mg daily improve skin hydration, elasticity and wrinkle depth in placebo-controlled trials, with results building over 8 to 12 weeks.Oral hyaluronic acid produces measurable systemic effects on skin despite minimal intact absorption. Oe et al. (2017) enrolled 40 adults on 120 mg daily for 12 weeks and reported significantly improved wrinkle scores, water content and elasticity with reduced transepidermal water loss versus placebo, with benefits emerging at 8 weeks. Hsu et al. (2023) tested 100 mg and 200 mg daily in 129 women: hydration improved at 2 to 8 weeks across age groups, skin tone at 4 to 8 weeks and epidermal thickness at 12 weeks. Oe et al. (2021) compared 2 kDa and 300 kDa forms at 120 mg daily in 60 subjects over 12 weeks; both reduced wrinkles versus placebo, with the high molecular weight form slightly ahead at 8 weeks. Kim et al. (2025) found oral sodium hyaluronate improved hydration, barrier function and signs of ageing in 150 healthy adults.

IGF-1 DESInjectable

IGF-1 DES (des(1-3)IGF-1) is a 67-amino-acid form of IGF-1 that escapes binding proteins, making it roughly 10-fold more potent in cell culture, with a 20 to 30 minute half-life that suits targeted intramuscular use. No human clinical data exists for muscle growth.Functionally, IGF-1 DES is a localised anabolic stimulus. Intramuscular delivery into a target muscle produces concentrated IGF-1R activation, driving local protein synthesis and satellite cell recruitment before clearance, which is why it is applied to lagging muscle groups rather than used for whole-body composition change.

IGF-1 LR3Injectable

A modified IGF-1 with roughly 3 times the potency of the native hormone and a 20 to 30 hour half-life. Builds muscle through both fibre enlargement and satellite cell activation. Dosed post-workout, reconstituted with 0.6% acetic acid rather than bacteriostatic water, and cycled 4 to 6 weeks on, 4 to 6 weeks off.Skeletal muscle: dual-mechanism growth. Hypertrophy through elevated protein synthesis and positive nitrogen balance, plus hyperplasia through satellite cell proliferation adding myonuclei and potentially new fibres. Proteolysis is simultaneously suppressed via E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibition.

Illumi-Neuro BlendInjectable

A four-part injectable blend of PE-22-28, Pinealon, NA-Semax, and Selank in a fixed 10:10:20:8 ratio, dosed once each morning on an 8-week cycle. Dosing is the only well-defined information available for the blend.No pharmacodynamic data is available for the blend.

IpamorelinInjectable

A selective pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue that binds the ghrelin receptor and triggers a pulse of the body's own growth hormone without significantly raising ACTH, cortisol, or prolactin. Reconstituted with bacteriostatic water and injected under the skin, most often alongside CJC-1295 No DAC.Somatotropic axis: GHS-R1a agonism produces pulsatile GH release mimicking endogenous secretion, with downstream IGF-1-mediated anabolic effect — increased collagen synthesis, muscle regeneration, lean mass accrual, and protection against sarcopenic and drug-induced muscle wasting. Lu et al. (2024) reported inhibition of cisplatin-induced weight loss by approximately 24% in the delayed phase (48 to 72 hours) in ferrets. Selectivity for GH over ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, acetylcholine, and aldosterone underpins the long-term-use profile.

K-CopperInjectable

One vial holding 50 mg of GHK-Cu and 20 mg of KPV — a copper peptide for skin and tissue regeneration paired with a small anti-inflammatory peptide. Mixed with 3 mL of bacteriostatic water and injected under the skin at 4 units, then 8 units, once a day.No blend-level pharmacology is documented. The following is attributed to the component pages.

KisspeptinInjectable

A brain-made neuropeptide at the top of the reproductive hormone chain, triggering GnRH and in turn luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone while leaving natural feedback intact. Studied for fertility, libido, metabolic function, and as a natural alternative to HCG.HPG axis: KISS1R agonism drives pulsatile GnRH release, LH and FSH secretion, and downstream sex steroid production. Testosterone rises via LH-mediated Leydig cell stimulation; oestrogen and progesterone also increase; FSH-driven spermatogenesis is supported concurrently, a point of advantage over HCG, which primarily stimulates LH with inconsistent FSH effects. Increases HCG-stimulated progesterone secretion in luteal cells. Regulates reproductive hormone release, enhances fertility, treats fertility disorders, and mediates pubertal onset. Because the axis is never suppressed, cessation returns output to baseline with no post-cycle recovery requirement. In a 22.5-hour infusion in healthy men, LH rose from 5.4 to 20.8 IU/L and testosterone from 16.6 to 24.0 nmol/L (roughly a 45% increase). In men with type 2 diabetes and mild biochemical hypogonadism it increased LH pulse frequency and secretion with associated testosterone rises.

KLOWInjectable

An 80 mg four-peptide repair blend: GHK-Cu 50 mg, KPV 10 mg, BPC-157 10 mg and TB-500 10 mg in one vial. Aimed at inflammation control, gut integrity, tissue healing, collagen, blood vessel growth and skin and hair quality. KPV calms the copper injection reaction, but the copper is still the part to read about first.Anti-inflammatory and immune: NF-kB and MAP kinase inhibition, suppression of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6, and mast-cell stabilisation from the KPV arm, with COX-2 suppression from BPC-157 and Ac-SDKP from TB-500. Modulation rather than suppression: the necessary inflammatory phase of healing is preserved. Effectiveness of KPV is documented in animal models of contact dermatitis, arthritis, colitis and asthma; the blend may mitigate certain autoimmune and immune-mediated inflammatory conditions including dermatitis and allergic asthma.

KPVInjectable

A three-amino-acid fragment of alpha-MSH that suppresses NF-kB and MAP kinase signalling without touching melanocortin receptors, used against inflammation in the gut, skin, and joints, with antimicrobial activity.Anti-inflammatory: the core activity, effective in preclinical models of contact dermatitis, arthritis, colitis, and allergic asthma. Brzoska et al. (2008) described KPV as exerting "similar or even more pronounced anti-inflammatory activity" than full-length alpha-MSH, indicating modulation of fundamental pathways rather than disease-specific targeting.

KPV (oral)Oral

KPV (oral) is the pill form of Lys-Pro-Val, a three-amino-acid anti-inflammatory fragment of alpha-MSH, taken at 200 to 500 mcg once or twice daily. It is used mainly for gut inflammation, where the PepT1 transporter carries it into inflamed intestinal cells.In DSS- and TNBS-induced murine colitis, oral KPV reduced colitis severity, decreased colonic pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and preserved barrier integrity; in one study treatment rescued all animals from death during severe DSS colitis. Xiao et al. (2017) showed hyaluronic acid-functionalised nanoparticles loaded with KPV targeted inflamed colitis tissue and outperformed free KPV on mucosal healing and inflammation.

L-CarnitineInjectable

A ready-mixed solution of the compound that carries fatty acids into mitochondria to be burned. Injected into muscle at 500 to 1,000 mg a few times a week for fat loss and performance, or under the skin at much smaller daily doses to build up muscle carnitine stores. Timing and whether you are fasted both change what it does.Mitochondrial long-chain fatty-acid transport for β-oxidation, with the downstream effect determined by substrate state at the time of administration — which is the organising principle of the dosing rather than an aside.

Lemon BottleInjectable

A fat-dissolving solution injected directly into a marked grid of points over a fatty area, in a course of 3 to 5 sessions spaced exactly 7 days apart. Dosed by millilitres per injection point, not by weight. Most of the work is a preparation, sterility, and aftercare procedure.Intralesional adipocytolysis with lymphatic clearance of liberated fatty acids and glycerol. It is positioned as a non-surgical option for diet- and exercise-resistant localised adiposity, and as one of the few treatments with demonstrated effect on cellulite dimpling. Secondary dermal effects claimed: collagen stimulation with improved elasticity, texture, and skin health during fat reduction. A systemic claim is also made — elevated metabolic processes with more efficient calorie burning than pre-treatment.

LIPO C+Injectable

Lipo-C with a stimulant added. A ready-mixed injection of ATP, Eria jarensis, L-carnitine, methionine, choline, and inositol, with lidocaine for comfort, given into muscle 2 to 5 days a week. Focused energy and mild to moderate appetite suppression, and a substantial interaction list to go with it.Two mechanistically separate arms in one vial.

Lipo ShredderInjectable

The most aggressive product in the lipotropic line: fat metabolism support plus albuterol for stimulant energy and heat production. A ready-mixed injection given into muscle 2 to 5 days a week. Ingredients are declared; side effects and contraindications are not documented.A lipotropic base with a β2-adrenergic agonist bolted on.

LIPO-BInjectable

A ready-mixed lipotropic injection given into muscle, 2 to 5 days a week on an eight-week cycle. Only the schedule and the storage rule are established — there is no ingredient list, and no documented side effects or contraindications.No pharmacological claims have been documented for LIPO-B — no mechanism, no benefit list, no indication.

Lipo-CInjectable

A ready-mixed injection of methionine, choline chloride, L-carnitine, and vitamin B5, given into muscle 2 to 5 days a week. Used to support fat metabolism, liver function, and energy. Must never be refrigerated — it crystallises.Two distinct arms on lipid handling: choline-driven hepatic export of fat (the anti-steatotic arm) and carnitine-driven mitochondrial import of long-chain fatty acids for β-oxidation (the utilisation arm), with methionine and pantothenate supporting the transmethylation and coenzyme-A supply that both depend on.

Lipo-Mino MixInjectable

A ready-mixed lipotropic injection given into muscle, 2 to 5 days a week on an eight-week cycle. Only the schedule and storage rule are established — there is no ingredient list, and no documented side effects or contraindications.No pharmacological claims have been documented — no mechanism, no benefit list, no indication.

LL-37Injectable

The body's own antimicrobial peptide, made by immune and skin cells. It punctures bacterial membranes, breaks up biofilms, neutralises endotoxin and steers the immune response toward balance. Human trials are topical wound-healing only; injectable use is extrapolated. Several autoimmune conditions rule it out.Antimicrobial: broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus) and gram-negative (E. coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella) bacteria, fungi (Candida species), and enveloped viruses (herpes simplex, influenza); documented activity against over 38 bacterial species, 16 fungal species, and 16 viruses. In vitro efficacy against MRSA, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Bactericidal against *S. aureus*, described as the most common cause of upper respiratory tract infection. Inhibition and disruption of biofilms, relevant to chronic sinusitis, chronic wound infection, and device-associated infection.

MazdutideInjectable

A dual agonist of the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, designed for Type-2 diabetes and obesity. Averaged 9.5% weight loss at 12 weeks and 14% at 48 weeks, and it is regarded as the safest of the GLP-1 peptides. Injected under the skin once a week.Glycaemic: increased insulin secretion, lowered blood glucose, improved glucose regulation.

Melanotan IIInjectable

A synthetic copy of alpha-MSH, the hormone that tells skin to make pigment. It produces a tan at far lower UV exposure than normal, suppresses appetite and raises sexual arousal. Dosed from a 10 mg vial: a 7 to 14 day loading phase at 0.25 to 0.5 mg daily, then 0.25 to 0.5 mg two to three times a week to hold the tan.Three effect domains, inseparable because receptor selectivity is poor.

Methylene Blue (oral)Oral

A synthetic compound on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, taken here as one 25 mg pill a day for mitochondrial and cognitive support. It carries a serious interaction risk: it blocks the enzyme MAO-A, so combining it with antidepressants or other serotonin-raising drugs can cause serotonin syndrome.The pharmacology falls under six headings.

MGFInjectable

MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) is a splice variant of IGF-1 produced locally in muscle after mechanical stress, where it activates satellite cells. Its 5 to 7 minute half-life means it must be injected intramuscularly into the trained muscle immediately post-workout.The primary and best-supported action is satellite cell activation and the downstream repair cascade. Human muscle cell culture work showed MGF-E peptide significantly increased the proliferative lifespan of satellite cells from neonatal and young adult muscle and delayed senescence in those populations.

MITO BLENDInjectable

One vial holding 5-Amino-1MQ 10 mg, MOTS-c 10 mg, and NAD+ 100 mg — three compounds that all act on how cells produce energy. Mixed with 3 mL of bacteriostatic water and injected under the skin at 50 units, two or three mornings a week.No pharmacological claims have been documented for the blend itself. The following draws on the component entries.

MK-677 (oral)Oral

An orally active, non-peptide ghrelin mimetic taken once daily at 10–25 mg. It stimulates the GHS-R1a receptor to raise growth hormone and IGF-1 across the whole day, with human trial data on fat-free mass, anti-catabolic effects, bone turnover and sleep.**GH/IGF-1 axis.** The best-evidenced effect. Multiple RCTs show 25 mg daily reliably raising GH secretion and IGF-1. In healthy elderly subjects mean 24-hour GH concentration rose 97% and IGF-1 reached the healthy young adult range.

MOTS-CInjectable

A peptide your own mitochondria encode, released in response to exercise — which is why it is called an exercise mimetic. It improves how muscle handles glucose, which is linked to weight loss, better performance, less insulin resistance, and a long list of age-related conditions.The proximate mechanism is improved skeletal-muscle glucose handling and reduced insulin resistance, from which the metabolic claims follow: weight loss, increased metabolic rate, reduced visceral and hepatic fat, and protection against metabolic disorders including NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis).

MT-1Injectable

MT-1 (Melanotan 1, afamelanotide) is a selective MC1R agonist that stimulates eumelanin production for tanning and photoprotection, with 47% fewer sunburn cells in Phase 1 trials and FDA approval as the Scenesse 16 mg implant for erythropoietic protoporphyria since October 2019.MT-1 induces melanogenesis independently of UV exposure, and acts synergistically with moderate UV to accelerate and deepen tanning. The eumelanin shift produces measurable photoprotection: 47% fewer sunburn cells in treated subjects in Barnetson et al. (2004). This is an internal adjunct to, not a replacement for, sunscreen.

NA-Semax-Amidate (nasal spray)Nasal spray

A chemically modified form of Semax delivered as a nasal spray, supplied as 10 mg in a 10 mL atomizer that dispenses 100 mcg per spray. Only handling and dosing data exist for this form, so the background below draws on the Semax entries on this site.No mechanism data exist for this form; only dosing data are available.

NAD+Injectable

A coenzyme present in every living cell and central to energy production, DNA repair, and the body clock. Levels fall from around age 30 and may be down 50% or more by the 40s. Reconstituted with extra bacteriostatic water and injected under the skin or into muscle, in cycles.Bioenergetics: NAD+ repletion restores mitochondrial function and oxidative capacity, raising energy output, reducing fatigue, increasing metabolic rate with support for weight loss, improving muscle function, and enhancing skeletal muscle development and mitochondrial health. Preclinical and early human data indicate improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism.

NAD+ (nasal spray)Nasal spray

The nasal spray form of NAD+, the coenzyme every cell needs for energy production and DNA repair, whose levels start falling around age 30 and may be down 50% or more by the 40s. Four to twenty sprays a day on two to six days a week, over an unusually long 12-week cycle with only a 2-week break.NAD+ supplementation supports mitochondrial ATP output, with improved energy and reduced fatigue the most commonly reported effect. Preclinical and early human work suggests improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. It supplies substrate for PARP-mediated DNA repair and sirtuin signalling in neurons and elsewhere, and preclinical research shows NAD+ replenishment protecting against cardiovascular disease and supporting healthy blood pressure. In clinical settings it has been used to support detoxification from substance dependence under medical supervision.

NAD+ / Glutathione / Vitamin C blend (nasal spray)Nasal spray

A nasal spray combining NAD+, the coenzyme cells need for energy production, with two antioxidants — glutathione and vitamin C. Two to four sprays once or twice a day, every day, on a 12-week cycle with a 4-week break.No pharmacodynamics have been documented for the blend. From the injectable NAD+ entry, for that component: healthy-ageing and lifespan effects, increased cellular energy output, increased metabolic rate, neuroprotection against oxidative and ischaemic stress, restored mitochondrial function, reduced atherosclerotic plaque, restored arterial elasticity, cognitive maintenance, improved muscle function, immune support, and sirtuin substrate provision. No standalone glutathione or vitamin C entry exists on this site, so neither antioxidant arm has documented content here.

OrforglipronOral

An oral GLP-1 receptor agonist taken as 6 mg pills once a day, titrated from a quarter pill up to six. It slows food leaving the stomach, increases fullness, raises insulin release and reduces glucagon. Unlike earlier oral GLP formulations it has no water-intake restrictions.Endocrine: increased insulin secretion via increased beta cell volume; reduced glucagon release.

OxytocinInjectable

A nine-amino-acid hormone from the posterior pituitary, called the love or cuddle hormone for its role in trust, bonding, and desire. Studied for anxiety, mood, social and sexual function, orgasm quality, cortisol, pain, inflammation, heart health, addiction, blood sugar, and sleep.Cortisol and stress: intranasal oxytocin attenuates the cortisol response to stress; a meta-analysis of 16 placebo-controlled studies found a moderately strong effect size for reduced anxiety and distress. Via HPA-HPG crosstalk, this may indirectly support GnRH, LH, and testosterone output.

Oxytocin (nasal spray)Nasal spray

The nine-amino-acid bonding hormone as a nasal spray (50 micrograms per spray), the route that reaches the brain for mood, stress and connection. Onset is 15 to 30 minutes, so it is taken 20 to 30 minutes before the moment it is wanted rather than on a fixed daily clock, typically at 20 to 40 IU.Oxytocin functions as an acute state-shifting signal rather than a compound that accumulates over weeks.

PancragenInjectable

A pancreas-derived tetrapeptide bioregulator studied for insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, and regeneration of pancreatic tissue. Injected under the skin daily or every other day, on cycles of 20 to 60 days.Metabolic actions: modulation of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, and improved insulin sensitivity.

PEG-MGFInjectable

PEG-MGF is the pegylated form of Mechano Growth Factor, an IGF-1Ec splice variant peptide used to activate muscle satellite cells. PEGylation extends its half-life from roughly 5 to 7 minutes to hours, but no published studies exist on PEG-MGF itself.Functionally, PEG-MGF is a satellite cell activator with an extended exposure window. The E-domain peptide initiates the proliferative phase of the muscle repair response; the PEG modification allows that signal to be delivered systemically and on a convenient schedule rather than as a site-specific post-training pulse.

PinealonInjectable

A synthetic tripeptide bioregulator (Glu-Asp-Arg) derived from pineal and cortical peptide complexes, studied for neuroprotection, cognition, circadian rhythm, and anti-ageing. Injected under the skin once daily in the morning on short 10- to 20-day cycles, two or three times a year.**Neuroprotection.** The strongest preclinical strand. Reduced ROS accumulation and fewer necrotic cells in homocysteine-exposed cultures; improved offspring spatial orientation and learning with fewer necrotic cerebellar neurons in prenatal hyperhomocysteinaemia (Arutjunyan and colleagues, 2012); normalised serum cytokines and reduced caspase-3 in aged rats under acute hypoxia (Mendzheritskii and colleagues, 2014); most pronounced antihypoxic effect among four regulatory peptides (Kozina, 2008). Protection against excitotoxicity and premature apoptosis is stated.

ProstamaxInjectable

A short peptide bioregulator for the prostate gland, aimed at benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary flow, and male reproductive function. Injected under the skin daily for 30 to 60 days, three or four times a year.Tissue-level: normalisation of prostate cell activity with maintenance of tissue structure; protective effect against age-related degenerative change in prostatic tissue; protection against oxidative damage.

PT-141Injectable

A synthetic 7-amino-acid melanocortin receptor agonist for sexual dysfunction that works through the brain's MC4 receptors rather than blood flow, FDA approved in 2019 as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. Injected subcutaneously 45 to 60 minutes before sexual activity.Central MC4R agonism regulating sexual arousal, producing marked libido enhancement, improved physical arousal response and increased orgasmic response. Most useful where the deficit is desire rather than purely mechanical.

PT-141 (nasal spray)Nasal spray

The same melanocortin-system peptide as the injectable, delivered as a nasal spray at 100 micrograms per spray. Taken 30 to 60 minutes before sexual activity to address persistently low sexual desire. No injection, and no capped maximum dose — but the same monthly limits.This entry documents indication, timing, technique, and dispense rate only. The molecule is identical to the injectable — see that entry for the effect profile across libido, orgasmic response, genital sensitivity, erectile quality, and sexual anxiety.

SelankInjectable

A synthetic heptapeptide built from the immune peptide tuftsin, approved in Russia since 2009 as a nasal spray for generalised anxiety, reducing anxiety without sedation or dependency. Injectable route: reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, given as a small subcutaneous dose, usually 100 to 300 mcg daily.**Anxiolysis without sedation** is the primary effect. In 62 patients with generalised anxiety disorder and neurasthenia (30 Selank, 32 medazepam), anxiety reduction was equivalent, but the Selank arm additionally showed antiasthenic and psychostimulant effects absent in the benzodiazepine arm, which carried the expected sedation and cognitive impairment. Against phenazepam, anxiolysis was pronounced with mild nootropic effect and benefit persisting approximately one week after the final dose, alongside improved quality of life.

Selank (nasal spray)Nasal spray

The nasal form of Selank, a synthetic seven-amino-acid analogue of the immune peptide tuftsin, approved in Russia since 2009 as a nasal spray for generalised anxiety, with intranasal bioavailability of 92.8 per cent. Practical dosing is 200 to 400 mcg per administration, two to three times daily.Primary effect is non-sedating anxiolysis with a benzodiazepine-comparable magnitude and no dependence liability. Zozulya et al. (2008) found equivalent anxiolysis to medazepam in 62 patients, with additional antiasthenic and psychostimulant effects absent from the comparator. Medvedev et al. (2014) reported pronounced anxiolysis plus mild nootropic effect against phenazepam, with therapeutic benefit persisting approximately one week after the final dose and improved quality of life. Medvedev et al. (2015) showed that adding Selank to phenazepam reduced benzodiazepine-associated attention and memory impairment, sedation, sleep prolongation, sexual disturbance and emotional indifference, both during treatment and after benzodiazepine withdrawal. Kasian et al. (2017) found Selank alone most effective against elevated anxiety in unstressed rats, and Selank plus diazepam most effective under unpredictable chronic mild stress.

SemaxInjectable

A synthetic ACTH-fragment peptide developed in Russia in 1982 and prescribed there for stroke, brain injury, cognitive decline, and optic nerve disease. It raises BDNF to support memory, focus, mood, and protection of brain tissue. Reconstituted with bacteriostatic water and injected under the skin.Cognition: BDNF/NGF-driven synaptic plasticity in hippocampus and cortex. A 2007 study of healthy men under fatigue found 71% memory-test accuracy after a single 1 mg dose versus 41% in controls, lasting up to 24 hours; a separate result documents 31% more correct responses than control. Users report improved focus, verbal fluency, faster learning, and enhanced default mode network-linked creativity.

Semax (nasal spray)Nasal spray

The nasal spray form of Semax, a synthetic peptide derived from ACTH(4-10), developed in Russia in 1982 and studied for memory, focus, mood, and stroke recovery. Dosed in sprays rather than injections, with onset in about 15 to 30 minutes and effects lasting up to 24 hours.Pharmacologically identical to the injectable: BDNF and NGF upregulation with downstream synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity, potentiation of dopaminergic and serotoninergic transmission, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant neuroprotection, broad transcriptional modulation, and inhibition of enkephalin-degrading enzymes that prolongs endogenous regulatory peptide signalling.

SermorelinInjectable

A synthetic copy of the first 29 amino acids of growth hormone-releasing hormone. It signals the pituitary to release growth hormone in natural pulses, supporting sleep, recovery, lean mass and fat loss. Injected under the skin before bed, fasted.Sleep: bedtime dosing superimposes the exogenous GHRH signal on the slow-wave-sleep pulse; improved sleep quality is the most consistently reported early effect, though Merriam et al. (2003) noted no sleep improvement with short-acting GHRH in that review.

SLU-PP-332 (injectable)Injectable

A synthetic small molecule that activates the estrogen-related receptors (ERRα, ERRβ, ERRγ) and is marketed as an "exercise mimetic". Every published study injected it into mice in a DMSO-based vehicle; no human trial exists, and the compound does not dissolve in bacteriostatic water alone.All efficacy data is preclinical. In C57BL/6J mice, 50 mg/kg twice daily intraperitoneally for 7 to 15 days produced a 70% increase in run time and 45% increase in distance, with a shift towards type IIa oxidative fibres, higher mitochondrial DNA content, and increased grip strength after 6 and 13 days (Billon, Sitaula, Banerjee, et al., 2023).

SLU-PP-332 (oral)Oral

The capsule form of SLU-PP-332, a small molecule studied as an "exercise mimetic" that switches on some of the cellular machinery a workout does. Sold as 300 mcg and 1,000 mcg capsules taken fasted in the morning on a 4 to 8 week cycle, but no human dose exists and oral absorption is unproven.No human pharmacodynamic data exist. In murine models, ERR agonism produced the following: a 70% increase in running time and 45% increase in distance with more type IIa oxidative fibres, higher mitochondrial DNA content and increased grip strength after 6 and 13 days (Billon et al., 2023); approximately 12% body-weight loss over 28 days in diet-induced obese mice with minimal fat-mass gain, increased energy expenditure and fatty-acid oxidation, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, reduced hepatic steatosis, and no change in food intake or activity (Billon et al., 2024); reversal of age-related albuminuria, podocyte loss, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory cytokines in 21-month-old mice over 8 weeks, described as mimicking caloric restriction (Wang et al., 2023); and improved ejection fraction, reduced fibrosis and increased survival in pressure-overload heart failure (Xu et al., 2024). In vitro, human myocytes from inactive elderly women showed reduced oxidative stress, enhanced SIRT1 and PGC-1α, improved survival, myotube fusion and lower senescence markers (Bonanni et al., 2025).

SLU-PP-332 + 5-Amino-1MQ blend (oral)Oral

A combination capsule pairing SLU-PP-332, an "exercise mimetic" that drives cells to build energy machinery, with 5-Amino-1MQ, an enzyme blocker that raises NAD+ and reduces fat mass. One capsule a day for two weeks, then two, taken fasted first thing in the morning.No blend-specific pharmacodynamics have been documented. Carried from the standalone 5-Amino-1MQ oral page: fat loss without muscle catabolism, adipocyte growth inhibition, NAD+ preservation via CD38 inhibition, possible mitochondrial biogenesis, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, possible neuroprotection and improved cerebral energy metabolism, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, improved endurance. Neither SLU-PP-332 page carries an effects list.

SLU-PP-332 + BAM-15 blend (oral)Oral

A single capsule pairing 250 mcg of SLU-PP-332 with 50 mg of BAM-15 — an "exercise mimetic" that pushes cells to build energy machinery alongside an uncoupler that makes that machinery burn fuel off as heat. One or two pills a day, fasted, on a 4 to 6 week cycle, with hydration and electrolytes.No blend-specific pharmacodynamics have been documented. From the standalone BAM-15 page: increased resting energy expenditure, enhanced lipid metabolism and fatty-acid oxidation, glycaemic regulation, improved insulin sensitivity, senolytic and anti-inflammatory activity. The SLU-PP-332 pages state no effects; the ERR mechanism is class background.

SLU-PP-332 + Orforglipron blend (oral)Oral

A single pill pairing 250 mcg of SLU-PP-332, an "exercise mimetic", with 6 mg of orforglipron, an oral GLP-1 receptor agonist that suppresses appetite. Every other day for the first week if you are new to GLP compounds, then daily, stepping up to two pills from week 11.No benefits list is given. Effects follow from the two components: GLP-1 receptor agonism producing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, delayed gastric emptying, and central satiety; ERR agonism producing increased oxidative capacity and fatty-acid oxidation.

SNAP-8Topical

An eight-amino-acid peptide that relaxes the facial muscles responsible for expression lines, working on the same target as Botox but from the outside. A 10 mg vial is dissolved and stirred into up to an ounce of cream or serum, then applied morning and night.Primary effect: reduction of dynamic expression lines periorbitally, perioral, and on the forehead, via reduced cholinergic signalling to the underlying mimetic musculature.

SS-31Injectable

A mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide that mops up free radicals and protects the machinery that makes cellular energy; billed as the most potent energy-boosting peptide available. Dosed at 1 to 2 mg daily for 4 to 8 weeks; older guidance ran fasted morning 8 to 12 week cycles by vial size.The primary framing is bioenergetic restoration rather than stimulation. SS-31 raises ATP output from existing mitochondria by stabilising the electron transport chain and reducing leakage; it does not increase mitochondrial number. In aged mice (late-70s human equivalent), 8 weeks of treatment improved mitochondrial morphology, restored cristae structure, and reduced senescence markers (p16, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase) in glomerular cells, cardiac tissue, and skeletal muscle (Sweetwyne and colleagues, 2017, Kidney International).

Super TropicInjectable

50 to 75 units under the skin, two or three times a week, on a 4 to 6 week cycle. No ingredients, strength, vial size, benefits, or safety information of any kind have been published for this product.No mechanism, indication, or effect has been stated for this product.

SurvodutideInjectable

A dual agonist of the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, developed for Type-2 diabetes and obesity. Reached 19% total body weight loss at 4.8 mg weekly and has shown promise in fatty liver disease with moderate fibrosis. Injected under the skin once a week.Anthropometric: 6 inches average waist circumference reduction at 46 weeks; 19% total body weight loss at 4.8 mg weekly; loss still ongoing past 46 weeks, suggesting further fat reduction with extended use.

TB-500Injectable

A synthetic form of thymosin beta-4 studied for wound healing, muscle, tendon and ligament repair, and reduced inflammation and scarring. Reconstituted with bacteriostatic water and injected under the skin, traditionally twice a week or daily at lower doses alongside BPC-157.**Wound and connective tissue:** in rat models (Malinda et al., 1999) re-epithelialisation increased 42% at day 4 and 61% at day 7, contraction at least 11% greater by day 7, with increased collagen deposition and angiogenesis. Ehrlich and Hazard (2010) showed incisional wounds healing with minimal scarring, few myofibroblasts, organised mature collagen, and no loss of breaking strength. Xu et al. (2013) showed improved biomechanical properties of the femur-ligament-tibia complex, uniform fibre bundles, and increased collagen fibril diameter at 4 weeks post-surgery in rat MCL injury; adhesion and fibrous band formation reduced.

TesamorelinInjectable

A stabilised GHRH analogue, approved in 2010 as Egrifta for HIV-associated lipodystrophy and dosed at 2 mg daily to reduce visceral and liver fat while preserving lean mass. Unusual handling: reconstituted vials are kept at room temperature, because refrigeration makes the solution gel.Adipose: reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue with a marked effect on **visceral adipose tissue** around liver, stomach and intestines — approximately 15 to 20 percent over 26 weeks, and 27.71 cm squared with a 1.18 kg trunk fat reduction in the 2026 meta-analysis. Loss is preferential in abdomen and upper back. The mechanism is IGF-1-driven lipolysis, not a visceral-specific receptor.

Tesamorelin / Ipamorelin blendInjectable

A single vial holding 10 mg of Tesamorelin and 3 mg of Ipamorelin. Two peptides that raise the body's own growth hormone through different pathways, dosed once nightly on a long cycle. It needs acetic acid as well as bacteriostatic water to dissolve, and keeps only two weeks once mixed.No blend-specific pharmacology has been documented; the following is inferred from the components and is flagged as such.

TesofensineOral

A triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) that raises serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. Originally trialled for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, now used as a potent oral appetite suppressant: 11.2% weight loss at 0.5 mg over 24 weeks. Long serotonergic interaction list and serotonin syndrome risk.Weight and appetite: appetite suppression, reduced cravings, promotion of satiety, reduced adipose tissue with abdominal fat specifically targeted, increased resting energy expenditure, increased fat oxidation and boosted metabolism. In TIPO-1, 0.5 mg gave 11.2% mean weight loss at 24 weeks (9.2% placebo-subtracted) versus 2.0% on placebo, with dose-dependent reductions in body fat and waist circumference, improved plasma lipids and improved quality of life. Phase 3 confirmed roughly 10% mean loss with more than half of patients on the therapeutic dose exceeding 10%. Strongly indicated for binge eating disorder.

ThymalinInjectable

Thymalin is a complex of short thymic peptides, approved in Russia since 1982, given in 10-day courses of 10 mg daily once or twice a year to restore T cell, NK cell and B cell function. Long-term Russian studies report 2.0 to 2.1 fold lower mortality; a 2021 COVID-19 trial halved hospital deaths.Thymalin's core action is immunocorrection: restoring T cell, NK cell, B cell and phagocyte function that has declined through thymic involution, chronic infection, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or prolonged stress. Because it acts on gene expression rather than maintaining a receptor-mediated signal, the effects persist beyond the dosing window.

Thymosin Alpha-1Injectable

A 28-amino-acid thymic peptide that restores T-cell, natural killer and dendritic cell function, improves vaccine response and modulates inflammation. Approved in 35+ countries as thymalfasin; dosed 1.6 mg subcutaneously twice weekly, with a daily two-week variant sometimes used in acute infection.Cell-mediated immunity: increased T-cell production (up to 30%), expanded CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, reversed exhaustion, enhanced NK activity, replenished white blood cell count.

VilonInjectable

A dipeptide isolated from the thymus gland, used for immune modulation, tissue regeneration, and cellular balance. Given as a 5 mg dose once a day for 10 days, three or four times a year, by injection under the skin or into muscle.Immune: enhanced T-cell activity with regulation of immune responses; restoration of balance in immunodeficiency and age-related immune decline; normalisation of immune surveillance.

VIPInjectable

VIP is a 28-amino-acid signalling peptide the body makes throughout the brain, nerves, lungs, gut, and immune system, described as one of the strongest natural anti-inflammatory peptides.**CIRS.** Cornerstone of the final Shoemaker protocol stage. Shoemaker et al. (2013) documented reductions in C4a, TGF-beta 1, and MMP9, normalisation of testosterone and oestradiol, improved pulmonary artery pressure, improved pulmonary function and exercise tolerance, and a fall in mean symptom score from 12.9 to 3.3 (74 percent). Shoemaster et al. (2017) documented restoration of grey matter nuclear volume on MRI.

Vitamin B12Injectable

Methylcobalamin, the active form of vitamin B12, as a ready-mixed injection. 5,000 micrograms once a week for four to ten weeks, then a maintenance dose once or twice a month, indefinitely. Given into muscle.Claimed effects: increased energy; metabolic support including carbohydrate and protein breakdown; reduced cognitive fog via myelin support with improved brain function and mental clarity; cellular energy support; hepatic processing of chemical waste; support of hormone production; blood sugar regulation; mood and focus support; stress mitigation; support of methylation and detoxification pathways; and symptomatic benefit for numbness and paraesthesia in neuropathy patients.